Electric snap-switch.



UNITED STATES ry rsmj OFFICE commas; manger mcmmmms, assienoa To THE gnanvaan minc'rnic COMPANY, or cmcaqo, ILLINOIS, a cosroaarron or rumors.

ELECTRIC snAe-swmen.

To all wlwmit mag concern:

BG-"lLlHIOWII that I, CONRAD J. Donrr, a citizen of the United States of America, aud' {a resident-of Chicago, in the county of Cook and-State oflllinois, have invented certain nmwandusefnl lmpmvements in Electric- Slurp-Switches, of which the following'is a specification. a J. 'lhis-invention relates tothe two button snap-type of switches used in the control ufelectriecircuits, and has for its object to. provide a simple, econon'iical and etlicieutstrhctui'al formation and combination of parts whereby the full movement of the rock lever or switch inemhenis automatically at tained after a partial manipulation of the same irreither direction has been effected by thejmanually actuated buttons connected to ethe respective ends of said rocklever, all as will 'hcrcinaftermore fully appear.

In-the accompanying drawings: Figure '1, is a= longitlidinal sectional elevation, partly on line's-w, Fig. 2. Fig. 2, is a transverse t "sectional elevation on line a--m, Fig. 1. Fi' '2 -.-3 and 4, are detail sections on lin s :09 g and o -m, respectively, Fig.1.-

Sitnilar numerals of reference indicate like parts in the several views. Referringto the drawings, 1 represents' the usual face plate of a switch. and 2' the baele plate. thereof. Said back plate is formed of any usual non -electrie material, midis-secured in spaced relation backof "-the face plate by thec onnection now to be desoribed. i

3 25s a central tubular post- 'arrangcd 'between'lhe face' plate 1 and back plate 2 to constitute the main connection l'JQiWGG-II said parts, and to suchend is permanently riv 4 eted at one end to the face plate 1. and atthe other end is provided with a fillerpiec'e or head; 4. havinga;screw-threaded stem adapted to pass through an orifice in the hacl: plate 2 and receive a clamping not 5;

by which the parts are securedtogether in -a detachable manner. Said. head or filler piece 4 is-secured in the post'3 by a cross pin or rivet, as shown, or by any other usual 'fastening' means.

' 6 is a rock lever of switch member extending through'au elongated way in the post; 3 and pivoted centrally therein by a transverse pivot pin 7. as shown.

. 8 are the push-buttons by which the rock v Srwificaflm} fletierfi Phtent- Patented June 27,1911. A n anon mea'oembers,

1810. Serial 1Y0. 585,046.

lever '6 is oscillated or'roe'ked, and to such end are,pro\'ided with the usual stems 9 lmring pivotal (unmet-lions with the respectlve arms of theswltch lever '6, as shown.

In the preferred form 'of the present 'invention the projecting portions of the stems!) are of the U shape shown 111 Fig, 4, topicvidc lateral end members 10,- that passtransverscly through orifices II] the switch lever to form the pivotal COIlItQCtlOnS OfillG" arms of the switch lever 6, and forn'ied'ivith'. a central step or socket for thereeeption' of a headed rod of the intermediate toggle link hereinafter described.

12,-- is a movable head, preferably. formed with a depending skirt portion. and arranged to slide in the bore of the tubular post 3 in adjacent relation to the filler-pieeev a g so 13 are pivot ears on one end oi the mov V .1. before described.

ahle head 12 for pivotal'conne'ction with a headed end of the toggle link before ref j ferred' to. w

14 1s a coiled spring of the compression type arranged between'lhc movable Head 12 Y and the filler piece 4 above referred to, nutty tending!" to force the said movable head to-' ward the switch lev'er 6.

15 is the toggle link; above referiieid, 1:0,;

arranged between the switehlerer 6 Widths:

movable head 12, and 'providedwit-h eir-..-:

oular end heads adaotedto have-bearings in the socket :of the lever 6. andpivot cars 13 of the movable een, heretofore de scribed.

With the t-icula'r end-6f said switchlever'inward. the" movement of, said lever takes place under a pushing stress to cause a compression of the spring 141. through the mstrmnentahtv of the toggle link 15, and movable head 12.

Such action continues until the end of the. toggle linlt in engagement with the switch lever is carried past a central line. when the spring 14 is free to act and complete the described arrangement pa a as the switch lcver fi is move'dby, one or the other of the push huttohs 8J0 move a par-1 that such drying UNITED srarns PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT W. GRIFFITH,

OF NW YORK, N. Y.

PROGES FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHROME-TANNED LEATHER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed October 16, 1909. Serial No. 522,945.

No Drawing.

1'0 all whom it may concern- Be it known that 1, Roman \V. GRIFFITH, iusub'ect of the United Kingdom of Great and Ireland, now residing in New York,- in the county of New York and Stat.

of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Process for the Treatment of Chrome-Tanned Leather, whereof the following. a specification.

My process relates to the treatment of hid'es or skins after the tanning thereof b the use of chromium compounds whether he actual tanning operation is wholly carried out by the use of such compounds, or by the use of the same in conjunction with a vegetable material, or other tanning agent. All of these methods I will comprehensively refer to as chrome-tanning.

)eculiar characteristic of cl1rometanne hides or skins is that if the leather is permitted to dry out, before it has been fat-liquored, it cannot be brought back to a wet condition proper for fat-Iiquoring, or other subsequent treatment. In consequence of this fact, hides or skins, after chrometanning, must be kept in the wet state until they have been dyed, (where dyeing is to be employed), and fat-liquored.

common method of procedure in chrome-tanning is to take the skins on ("oining out from the tanning bath, and allow them. to lie in pile for an interval, in order to permit the chromium compound to become, to some extent, fixed on the fiber, since, if the operations of washing and fat liquoring take place too soon after the actual tannin operation, a substantial portion of the va liable ingredients which otherwise would become associated with the fiber, would be washed out, with the result that the leather will be impaired, and will have the appearance of being nnder-tamied.

In the case of leather tanned by ordinary vegetable processes, or by the useof alum, (and without the employment of chromium compounds), the drying, or cl-listing, of the goods, before fat-liquoring, is both permissible and advantageous because after a comparatively lon interval the leather can be a ain wet bac and restored to proper con ition for fat-liquoring' and subsequent treatment, and because it has been found out, or crusting of the leather has an important effect 11 on its quality, probably because it permitstime for Patented June 27, 1911.

the fixation of the tanning agent upon the fiber.

The object of my invention is to so treat hi desor skins, which have been tanned either wholly or in part by the use of chromium compounds, as to permit the leather to be dried out, or crusted, and to remain in that condition for an indefinite without impairing the ability of the eather to be subsequently wet back and returned to the proper condition for dyeing, fatliquoring and further treatment. To this end I proceed as follows :-The chrometanned hides or skins, are taken out of the tan bath and may conveniently be allowed to lie in a wet condition for a moderate time, preferably over ni ht, and are then shaved, if desired, but, while still wet, are immersed in a bath containing lactic acid. The )referred constitution of the bath and time of immersion are as follows:-I employ a bath consisting of a solution of commercial lactic acid in the proportion of three per cent. (3%) oiilhe wet weight of the leather after shaving, or draining, said commercial lactic acid being standardized at twentytwo per cent. (22%) lactic acid. The bath should contain sufficient cold or tepid water to properly diffuse the acid, so that it will come into thorough and intimate contact with the leather. I prefer to conduct this tireatment by the use of a revolving which case I have found that good results may be obtained by running the leather in thc'bath for about ten minutes. The time of the treatment and percentage of lactic acid, however, may be varied, as experience with. any particular kind of hides or skins may indicate to be desirable. The treated leather is then taken out and allowed to drain, when it can be hung u on hooks to dry out completely. It may t on be stored away until required, and can be wet back, with water at any time, and the o erations of dyeing and fat-liquoring procee ed with. While I have specified the above process as the preferred one, it must be understood that I do not limit my invention thereto, since the essential feature is the subjection of the skin to the action of lactic acid after the chrome-tanning process proper, and. the lactic acid ma *be present either as free acid, initially a dad to the bath, or as acid developed in the bath itsclfby the use of a material capable; of evolving it, or in the drum, in i eriod, j

, tions of dyeingand' fat-liquoring.

' more readily the treatment with lactic acid, I mean to comprehend its employment as free acid initially added, or subsequently developed, or as lactic acid in combination with a base, or bases, which when disengaged, are sub stantially soluble in the bath.

Among the advantages attainable by the use of my invention, are the followin z The period of absorption and fixation o the chromium compound is prolonged, because the leather may lie in the crust, or dried condition, for an indefinite period. Heretofore, in order to attain such fixation the chrome-tanned leather has been allowed to lie in pile for a time, but was required to be kept la a wet condition in order to be properly susceptible to the subsequent opera- Hence for economic reasons, the period available for fixation was unduly short.

When in the dry state, or crust, rendered commercially possible by my process,

the leather can be sorted into grades much than when it is wet, and, more- .over the hides or skins which are suitable for the manufacture of colored or black leather respectively, can be much more conveniently ascertained than when the selection must be made while the leather is still wet from the tan bath.

The wet leather treated by my process can be tacked out on boards to dry, so that a greater measurement can be obtained than is possible under existin dlilig chrome-tanned leat er. hfle the advantages of my process are made available to the highest extent, when the leather is dried, or crusted, after the lactic acid treatment, I do not limit my claim to a method in which actual drying is employed, since the treatment is useful even in cases where the operations of fat-liquorin%, &c., follow the same, without drying.

am aware that lactic acid has been employed as an adjunct under certain circumstances in the treatment of hides preparatory to tanning, for instance, as a substitute for pliers, or bate, in the removal of residual lime after the un-hairing process,

My invention is based u on the disco-very of the peculiar and speci cetfect of lactic acid upon chrometanned leather, and its capacity to produce a condition which, so far as I am aware, cannot be obtained by any other known 're-agcnt, and the lack of which has heretofore been aserious economic difiiculty in chrome-tanning processes generally.

Having thus described my invention, I claim The hercinbetorc described process for the treatment of chrome-tanned leather, which consists in subjecting the leather, after the tanning process is completed and while still in a wet or moist condition, to the action of lactic acid, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, this fourteenth day of October 1909.

" Witnesses:

Janus ll. BELL,

l). L. Funtnn'ron.

andI do not broadly claim its use in connection with the general process of tanning.'

methods of han- 

